Parental alienation

Understanding Parental Alienation: A Comprehensive Guide

Brief History of the Concept Psychiatrist Richard Gardner first used parental alienation in the 1980s. It describes when one parent manipulates a child to turn against the other parent. Gardner called this Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) to show how it affects children in messy divorces. According to Gardner, PAS happens when a child unfairly rejects […]

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